John Stuart Mill s Utilitarianism - 1642 Words

Happiness in terms of logic is considered to be a vague expression, meaning it has a wide range of interpretations, as well as having no clear meaning. John Stuart Mill, an English philosopher, based his controversial sentiments of happiness on Jeremy Bentham’s utilitarianism, believing that goods are the means to greatest happiness for the greatest number of peoples. Epicurus, an Ancient Greek philosopher, who similarly encouraged people to follow his pleasure based philosophy to obtain happiness. Unlike Mill, Epicurus’ philosophy is based on individualistic hedonism, which often may seem more practical and acceptable. Although, Mill’s utilitarianism is indeed a form of social hedonism rather than individual pleasure-seeking, the†¦show more content†¦However, unlike Jeremy Bentham, the father of utilitarianism, Mill was able to clarify misinterpretations and controversies by additionally incorporating his own social, political and moral theories that se emed fit with the philosophy. Epicureanism belongs in the same hedonistic category as Mill’s utilitarianism, but unlike utilitarianism, Epicurean principles are not commonly used in American government and politics. From afar, Epicureanism may seem the most practical and relatable because one may look and assume that it is simply about indulging in pleasures as long as it makes you happy. However, that is a naive interpretation, as Epicureanism promotes pleasure, but only the natural and necessary ones. Along with only following the natural and necessary pleasures, it also highlights the importance of suppressing desires that cause one to long for pleasures that aren’t necessary. In Epicurus’ â€Å"Principal Doctrines,† he writes, â€Å"on a basis of power sufficient to afford supports and of material prosperity arises in most genuine form the security of a private life withdrawn from the multitude†(2), meaning that wealth should not be a good that contributes to happiness. This may be relatable and useful for certain individuals who devalue material goods, however, this would not be plausible for the American

Opening Statement State V Micahel Miller Free Essays

Ladies and Gentleman of the jury, here we have a malicious crime towards humanity. Here we have the Shirley Thompson accusing Michael Miller of aggravated sexual assault, also holding her at knife point. Shirley Thompson was walking home on the early morning of January 9th. We will write a custom essay sample on Opening Statement State V Micahel Miller or any similar topic only for you Order Now As she is on her way home from a tiring day from work she is viscously attacked by this molester also known as Michael Miller. Thompson works a 7pm-3am shift and on this shift she is the only waitress working. From working this shift she felt sick and asked permission to end her shift at 11 pm. She decided not to contact he husband to tell him she was on her way home because Thompson only lives a six block distance from the tasty good restaurant where she is employed. My client has only worked there for 5 months she meets people that come in and out of that place every day. THAT MAN right their Michael Miller attacked my client on that night of Jan 9th, He will tell you that they had met in times before. Miller and Thompson had an agreement to meet each other. In actuality she had never seen this man before in her life. Mr Miller is employed at Eddie’s service station. Mr. Miller has been through the legal system in times before he has been charged with burglary and pleaded guilty and was let go on 5 yrs probation. We have all the evidence needed to prove that Miller is indeed guilty of this crime towards this hard working lady. Not only do we Ms Thompsons Chilling description of the crime and question: we also have the reporting officers testimony stating the fact in which he found Ms. Thompson after her encounter with this molester. Also in our hands are the physicians medical report that reveals that presence of sperm inside of my client. The Thompson family have been deeply scared by this heinous act. This man should be charged with Rape in the 1st degree, criminal possession of a weapon in the 4th degree and kidnapping in the 4th degree. He should kept out of society it’s obvious he can’t socialize without attack. He has shown attendance for crime in his past, that same criminal instinct has rise once again How to cite Opening Statement State V Micahel Miller, Papers

Safety and Regulatory Requirements free essay sample

What is Title Vll? Title VII, the federal law that prohibits most workplace harassment and discrimination, covers all private employers, state and local governments, and educational institutions with 15 or more employees. In addition to prohibiting discrimination against workers because of race, color, national origin, religion, and sex, those protections have been extended to include barring against discrimination on the basis of pregnancy, sex stereotyping, and sexual harassment of employees. Currently, Title VII doesn’t include discrimination on the basis of sexual orientation. However federal legislation adding sexual orientation as a protected class against discrimination (the Employment Non-Discrimination Act (ENDA)), has been proposed in recent years. Many states have employment discrimination and harassment laws as well and may include even more protected classes – such as marital status and sexual orientation – than Title VII covers. Human resource process requires that HR managers hire employees, provide compensation and Benefits to employees, engage in performance management and evaluation of employees as well as firing and hiring employees, provide employee health safety and prevent employee discrimination and sexual harassment among others(Walsh, 2009. We will write a custom essay sample on Safety and Regulatory Requirements or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page P. 299). All HR managers need to be fully aware of these and other of their duties to avoid falling into legal trouble when it comes to dealing with their employees. Safely When it comes to employees’ safety, employers must ensure that all the privacy rights of each of the members of staff are well adhered to and so are the rules for hiring workers whether old or young. The HR manager must also ensure that the workplace is safe with none of the employees being under threats, risk of illness or injury or harassments. With this move, the organization will have protected the people who form the most valuable asset in it (Willmaker, 2011). Currently, workplace safety is standardized and promoted by two important workplace regulations which are the workers’ compensation laws at state level and OSHA or Occupational Safety and Health act of 1970 in the federal level. The compensation of workers deals with wages and medical payment for employees exposed and suffering from injury or illness while in the workplace. OSHA on the other hand specifies the standards for the quality of work environment. The failure to abide to OSHA laws does not only affect the life of employees and organization risk high losses but also invites either civil suits or criminal action on the organization as well civil suits. In the US, human organization’s human resource departments must operate and function under many legal and safety laws as well as regulations requirements. This must be the case in order to avoid law suits against such organizations. The main provides of these laws and regulatory requirements include the department of homeland security, US equal employment opportunity commission, the American with disabilities Act of 1990 and the US labor department among other human resource requirement laws. The main reasons for the provision of these laws is to prevent any manager from senselessly and without any cause, firing or mistreating or denying employment to employees or prospect employees respectively because of who they are. A HR department has considerable responsibilities with respect to HR law. Regulatory The individuals within the human resource department must be well versed in all the laws and regulations as set by the United States as they are expected to abide by these laws and rules. Once the potential employee has signed an employment contract, a new relationship is formed between employer and employee. â€Å"Both employers and employees have rights and obligations to each other when they enter into a contract. An employment contract spells out explicitly the terms of the employment relationship for both employee and employer (Gomez-Mejia, Balkin, amp; Cardy, 2010, p. 41)†. As stated both parties that come into agreement and enter a contract have equal rights and responsibilities. The U. S. Department of Labor has legal rules set in place to†¦ References References Lilius, J. , et all, (2003). Compassion at work. Retrieved on 3 Oct 2011 from www. compassionlab. com/docs/whatgoodiscompassion. pdf. Walsh, J. , (2009). Human resource and employment law. Cengage learnin g. USA. Print. Willmaker, (2011). Human resources. Retrieved from http://www. nolo. com/legal-encyclopedia/human-resources/

John Locke Theory on Personal Identity free essay sample

Outline and critically discuss Locke’s theory of personal identity. John Locke laid down the systematic groundwork of personal identity in the study of modern philosophy. Locke highlights his approach to the problem of personal identity in Chapter XXVII of the book II in An Essay concerning Human Understanding. This paper will explore the features that persuaded Locke to treat the problem of personal identity and then go on to analyse Locke’s theory in light of these factors. It will then inspect the implications of his theory. Furthermore it will contain a brief assessment of the theory’s historical significance.In exploring the reasons as to why Locke treated the problem on personal identity, it is crucial to understand that his views arose from the ones presented by the French philosopher Rene Descartes. Descartes was a Cartesian and thought that each person was a unified non-extended mental substance whom was unchanged by experience (Skirry, 2006). We will write a custom essay sample on John Locke Theory on Personal Identity or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Descartes believed in the existence of innate ideas, and the foundation of knowledge believed truth to be located in these ideas (Descartes, 2007, p 13-16). Locke saw many of the struggles that track from this opinion as he himself had an empirical way of thinking, it struck to him that these might be avoided if it could be revealed convincingly that innate ideologies are not present. In BookLocke saw many of the struggles that track from this opinion as he himself had an empirical way of thinking, it struck to him that these might be avoided if it could be revealed convincingly that innate ideologies are not present. In Book I he argues that they do not exist and that our theories must be built on experience and he then published Book II to shed light on the way our concept of personal identity must derive from our experience (Uzgalis, 2010). Locke’s view of personal identity in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, explores the relationship of substances to ones self. He asserts ‘†¦our specific ideas of substances are nothing else but a collection of a certain number of simple ideas, considered as united in one thing,’(Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII) implying that an individual’s awareness is not equipped with any unblemished ideas of substance, and thus can have no instinctual knowledge of its nature. Furthermore he distinguishes between what he declares to be the conditions of identity. He accomplishes this through the deliberation of ‘Principium Individuationis’ (Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII), which explains that the conditions of identity, for that of masses of matter are distinct from vegetables and animals. Then raises the question of whether the conditions of identity are somewhat dissimilar to that of humans. From thisHe asserts ‘†¦our specific ideas of substances are nothing else but a collection of a certain number of simple ideas, considered as united in one thing,’(Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII) implying that an individual’s awareness is not equipped with any unblemished ideas of substance, and thus can have no instinctual knowledge of its nature. Furthermore he distinguishes between what he declares to be the conditions of identity. He accomplishes this through the deliberation of ‘Principium Individuationis’ (Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII), which explains that the conditions of identity, for that of masses of matter are distinct from vegetables and animals.Then raises the question of whether the conditions of identity are somewhat dissimilar to that of humans. From this viewpoint he elucidates that it looks as though humans are a type of animal as they too grow and change. Locke states ‘the organization of life that supports nourishment and growth’ (Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII) is what makes vegetables, animals, and humans unalike from masses of matter because we are furnished with the organisation of life. Locke suggests ‘†¦consciousness always accompanies thinking, and it is that which makesLocke suggests ‘†¦consciousness always accompanies thinking, and it is that which makes e very one to be what he calls self, and thereby distinguishes himself from all other thinking things’ (Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII). From this viewpoint it is evident that having consciousness will prevent a man, as long as his existence continues to be other than what he already is. For example Locke argues that, if the consciousness (soul) of a person left the body of its informant and entered another’s it would not be the same person. He uses the example ‘For should the soul of a prince, carrying with it the consciousness of the prince’s past life, enter and inform the body of a cobbler, as soon as deserted by his own soul, everyone sees he would be the same person with the prince, accountable only for the princess actions but who would say it was the same man?’ (Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII). This passage emphasizes that the idea ofThis passage emphasizes that the idea of person is different to the idea of man, and we know that they are not identical but identity is oneness. Locke theorizes ‘Self is that conscious thinking thing†¦which is sensible or conscious of pleasure and pain, capable of happiness or misery and so is concerned for itself as far as that consciousness is concerned’ (Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII). Th us each person’s consciousness is different, and can never be identical to that of another. Our thoughts and memories are formed by individual experience therefore change of consciousness/memory will result in a change in the person.Some of the implications of John Locke’s theory of personal identity consist of problems when people are faced with loss of memory. Locke suggests, failure to remember, rids them of their identity; an example Locke uses is ‘a total amnesiac will have identity at an instant if they are conscious, rational and self-aware, but no identity over time’ (Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII). Furthermore his theory in light of people, who have memory loss, isn’t applicable as these individuals carry the same mind throughout the span of their lifetime.This is also evident when he says that ‘God would find someone innocent of a crime, if they had forgotten committing it’ (Locke, 1690, Chapter XXVII). While the framework of consciousness may appear to be stable, we see the substance is in continuous flux. The historical significance of this theory is seen through the influence of Locke’s book (An Essay Concerning Human Understanding), which has had influence on other philosophers.Gottfried Leibnitz was one of the many who was influenced by Locke’s work, who also criticised his theory. Leibnitz published a rebuttal to Locke’s work, and in it wrote the following called, A New Essay Concerning Human Understanding and in this he attacks Locke’s theory, chapter to chapter he goes on to disproof Locke’s theory (Leibnitz, 1698, p, 13-20). Since Locke’s theory of personal identity was one of the first to analyse the conception of consciousness and that of the self, his criticisers such as Leibnitz had a similar empirical concept of the matter regarding personal identity. Nonetheless Locke’s theory is well known among philosophical scholars and his work is greatly appreciated, Having influenced philosophers like Leibnitz it is evident that his theory is still valid to those today, such as functionalists, who outline a person in relation to a set of mental functions.Reference list:-Descartes, R, (2007), Mediations on First philosophy, Nu Vision Publications, Sioux Falls, SD USA, pp, 7-17.-Leibnitz, G, (1698), New Essays Concerning Human Understanding, (publisher NA), pp, 13-20.-Locke, J, (1690), Chapter XXVII, book II, An Essay concerning Human Understanding.-Skirry, J, (2006), Rene Descartes: The Mind-Body Distinction, The Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy, viewed 15 April 2012, utm.edu/descmind/>http://www.iep.utm.edu/descmind/-Uzgalis, W, (2010), John Locke,  The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2010 Edition), Edward N. Zalta  (ed.), viewed 15 April 2012 http://plato.stanford.edu/archives/win2010/entries/locke/.-  Psychology Essays http://essaylab.com/blog/an-essay-concerning-human-understanding

Become an Organ Donor

Become an Organ Donor Become an Organ DonorBy this time tomorrow, 16 people in America who are alive right now will be dead.Not because they were in a car accidentNot because they were gunned downNot because their time had comeNot even because they couldn't get to a hospitalThese folks will be dead simply because they couldn't be given a life saving organ transplant in timeMoney is not the issue..most insurance carriers provide coverage, and private and public organizations often pick up the parts not coveredNor is scarcity....there's lots of organs out there....Indeed there are literally millions of organs that could be made available to these transplant candidates.... but they have to come from donors.... and donors have to volunteer.... and the families of the donors have to agree with the donors' choice.Last year in the United States, there over 19,000 organ transplants performed. These organ transplants were made from 9845 donors, since many donors are able to donate multiple organs.Organ DonationNow , 19,000 transplants may seem like a lot, until you learn that there are currently over 83000 patients on the National Transplant Registry, awaiting transplants.I have two personal stories to relate regarding organ transplants:In 1986, my son was a junior in high school. One of his favorite teachers, who also happened to be personal friend of ours, was diagnosed with a fatal heart disease, for which there was no cure. His only hope was an organ transplant. He was in and out of the hospital for several weeks during that spring and summer, and unfortunately he died while waiting for a donor heart. That heart never came.Five years later, we found out that my sister's husband, who had received a tainted blood transfusion over 15 years ago, had contracted a liver...

Best Online Courses for Students †Pro-Academic-Writers.com

Best Online Courses for Students The recent research has shown that nowadays students attitude to higher education has overcome a dramatic shift. Youngsters aged 18-24 studying full-time on a campus is not a standard model of student anymore. In our modern society people don’t see higher education as something unique and independent. Now we all try to combine it with jobs, travelling, and family. But still we try to do everything possible in order to obtain some degree in higher education, because in finding a prestigious position higher education is a must. For those who want to have time to do as much as possible, online education comes in handy. This way of studying is gaining popularity among all people of different age and social status. A lot of universities have different online courses where qualified teachers provide you with profound knowledge of your particular subject. Unfortunately, some people consider these courses a complete waste of time and money. Just because you have more conservative view s and got used to the old-fashioned way of studying at the university doesn’t mean that Internet education is only for lazy and unmotivated people. On the contrary, only advanced, active and highly motivated people give a priority to the online education and in this article you will see why it is so. Why is it good? In our fast-moving world and highly developed technologies people can receive a proper education everywhere and at any time. Online courses are extremely popular now. Let’s see why more and more people prefer this way of studying. Possibility to study at any time. The student who studies remotely can independently decide when is the most suitable time during a semester to dedicate to studying. He creates his individual schedule. Some educational institutions give students an opportunity to postpone studying for long term and to come back to it needlessly to pay again educational services. Possibility to create your own style of studying. Remote students don't have to worry that they will lag behind the classmates. It is always possible to return to studying of more difficult questions, to look at video lectures several times, to re-read correspondence with the teacher, and already known topics can be passed. The main task is to successfully pass intermediate and total certifications. Possibility to study everywhere. Students can study without leaving the house or office. To start the course you just need to have a computer and access to the Internet. Lack of necessity to visit educational institution daily is an undoubted plus for physically disabled people, for those who live in the remote districts or parents with small children. Combine studying with your primary activity. Online education gives you a chance to take up several courses at the same time or to get the next higher education. In this case it isn't necessary to take or to go to business trips. There are special educational organizations which will organize corporate training (professional development) for the office staff and civil servants. In this case study doesn't interrupt the seniority, and the studied material can be applied to work at once. High results. The research of the American scientists has shown that the results of distance learning don't concede or even surpass results of traditional forms of education. The remote student mostly studies independently. It improves storing and understanding of the covered topics. And opportunity to put knowledge into practice at once helps to consolidate them. Besides, the use of the latest technologies makes it more interesting and lively. Availability of materials. Remote students don’t face such problem as shortage of textbooks. The access to all necessary literature is opened to the student after registration on the site of university, or he may receive training materials by mail. Remote education is cheaper. If we compare internal and remote studying, the second will be cheaper. The student shouldn't pay the road, accommodation, and in a case with foreign higher education institutions it isn't necessary to spend money on visa and the international passport. Convenient for the teachers. Teachers and tutors who work remotely can dedicate time to the bigger amount of students and continue work even having a maternity leave. Individual approach. Usually teachers can’t provide their students with the descent attention during the class, but during the online education teacher will work with you individually and spend as much time as you need. Why is it bad? Of course, nothing is perfect and online courses have their own disadvantages, but they are not so terrible and you can live with them. The strong motivation is necessary. Practically the remote student masters all training material independently. It demands the developed will power, responsibility and self-checking. Not everybody manage to maintain the necessary rate of training without control from the outside. Lack of practical knowledge. Studying remotely the professions which assume a large number of a practical training is complicated. Even the most modern technologies won't replace to future doctors or teachers the "live" practice. Remote education isn't suitable for developing a communicative skill. At distance learning personal contact between students and teachers is very low, and sometimes it is even absent. Therefore such form of education isn't suitable for developing the communicative skill, confidence or team work. All in all, it is clear that online education is definitely a rescue for those who don’t have a chance to visit higher institutions due to lack of time, money or may be desire. So if you want to obtain a degree of higher education, you have an opportunity to do it even at home.

Geographical Information Systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Geographical Information Systems - Essay Example The most important part of a GIS is the ‘gencode’ to which information is connected. It represents a geographical code to highlight a place or location anywhere in the world. A GIS shows vital data in a diagrammatic manner, displaying extended spatial locations, territorial divisions, neighborhood vicinities and their inhabitants with unparalleled clearness. The GIS displays structure upon structure of data {such as characteristics and statistics of human population, income levels, voting preferences, poverty levels, pollution rates, and Internet availability}, and the manner in which all structures work in cohesive unity. The GIS user then selects the data to structure according to the queries that need to be solved. The precise information provided by GIS is being increasingly used for public safety purposes. Public safety officials have discovered that its geospatial information is derived much more spontaneously, and is more productive as compared to data supplied by ambiguous orthodox photography due to the very fast rate at which imagery of a certain area can be displayed as well as the cost savings involved. It is estimated that GIS use has resulted in cutting short land-use and field visits by as much as 70%. Tasks like on-the-way and on-the-scene skillful planning, highlighting the precise origin of wireless calls, advance planning of interior safety and security strategies, and re-directing traffic in times of emergencies have become much easier to undertake and solve more quickly and efficiently (Earth Imaging Journal, 2005). The use of GIS as a crime-fighting tool is increasing in the United States. It enables the police to examine and evaluate crime trends and find precise geographic locations where some crimes are concentrated, connect those crimes to the area in which they take place, and highlight the locations